Life sciences

Biology and medicine, which built some of the largest ontologies and shared databases.

also: Bioinformatics, Biomedical informatics
scheme: traditions

Where it answered

This tradition's column of the issues map: which questions its works mainly answer, and the earliest of each.

Works from this tradition by main design issue
issue	works	earliest
Technical 0 works · 0%
Identification
Linking
Data model
Serialization
Reasoning
Query & validation
Scale & performance
Bridge 5 works · 63%
Vocabulary	5	Protégé 1987
Human 3 works · 38%
Topology
Trust	2	Nanopublication 2010
Governance	1	FAIR data principles 2016
Adoption & incentives
Sustainability
Usability

Shares works with Knowledge representation (4) · Web standards (2) · Libraries, archives and museums (1) · Open knowledge (1)

Counts use each work's main design issue, as on the full map; 8 works in all.

Timeline

Everything from this tradition, in lanes by type. Bars run from start to end where both are known; marks people, projects and organizations still active. 5 entries have no date and are not shown. Hover over or focus an entry to draw its links. Scroll sideways, or use the decades above.

Entries (15)

Concepts 2

Nanopublication 2010 concept technique
Smallest unit of publishable scientific information: a single assertion written as RDF named graphs, bundled with its provenance and publication details so it can be cited and credited on its own.
FAIR data principles 2016 concept ★ seminal principle
Principles that research data should be findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable, published in Scientific Data in March 2016.

Writings 1

The Anatomy of a Nanopublication 2010 writing ★ seminal technique
2010 paper by Paul Groth, Andrew Gibson and Jan Velterop in Information Services & Use defining the nanopublication.

Standards 1

SNOMED CT 2002 standard
Logic-based clinical terminology of medical concepts and their relations, released in January 2002 and maintained by SNOMED International.

Projects 4

Protégé 1987 project
Free ontology editor from Stanford University, widely used to build OWL ontologies.
Gene Ontology 1998 project ★ seminal
Ontology of gene and gene-product functions begun in 1998 by researchers working on fly, mouse and yeast genomes; one of the most used ontologies in biology.
UniProt 2002 project
Database of protein sequences and functions run since 2002 by a consortium of the EBI, SIB and PIR; it publishes its data as RDF with a public SPARQL endpoint.
OBO Foundry 2007 project
Collective of biomedical ontology developers who share principles for building interoperable ontologies; it has led the OBO effort since 2007.

Organizations 1

Stanford University 1885 organization
Private research university in California whose biomedical informatics group develops Protégé.

People 6

Mark Musen b. 1956 person
Stanford biomedical informatician who built the first version of Protégé in 1987 and has led its development since.
Andrew Gibson person
Co-author of 'The Anatomy of a Nanopublication' (2010).
Harold Solbrig person
Mayo Clinic informatics researcher who co-authored the Shape Expressions paper (2014).
Jan Velterop person
Dutch science publisher and co-author of 'The Anatomy of a Nanopublication' (2010).
Paolo Ciccarese person
Researcher, then at Massachusetts General Hospital, co-editor of the W3C Web Annotation Data Model.
Paul Groth person
Computer scientist who co-wrote the 2010 paper defining nanopublications and co-chaired the W3C Provenance Working Group, which produced PROV, while at VU University Amsterdam.